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NPS is applicable to all new employees of Central Government employees and State Government employees. This article talks about NPS and Government Employees, Can Government Employee choose the Fund Manager or Scheme to invest in NPS in Tier1/Tier2 account, NPS Tax Benefits for Government Employees, Comparison of NPS with Government Provident Fund(GPF) which NPS replaced, FAQ by Govt Employees on NPS

NPS and Government Employees

NPS is applicable to all new employees of Central Government service (except Armed Forces) and Central Autonomous Bodies joining Government service on or after 1st January 2004. NPS is applicable to all the employees of State Governments, State Autonomous Bodies joining services after the date of notification by the respective State Governments.

The New Pension Scheme works on a defined contribution basis and has two tiers Tier-I and II. Contribution to Tier-I is mandatory for all Government servants joining Government service on or after 1-1-2004 (except the armed forces in the first stage), whereas Tier-II is optional and at the discretion of Government servants. Every month 10% of his salary (basic + DA) and equivalent(14% announced on 10 Dec 2018) government’s contribution will be invested in NPS.

The provisions of Defined Benefit Pension and GPF(Government Provident Fun) is not available to the new recruits in the Government service.

Any other government employee who is not mandatorily covered under NPS can also subscribe to NPS under “All Citizen Model” or Individual Modal through a Point of Presence – Service Provider (POP-SP). Investment in NPS can be made by the following sectors: Central/State Govt. Employees Corporates All Citizen Model (Individual) Unorganized Sector Workers.

Under the NPS, a Government employee will be entitled to exit only at the time of retirement at the age of 60, however at least 40 per cent Pension wealth would be used for purchasing annuity from a life insurance company approved by the IRDA.

Changes in NPS for Government Employees

On 10 Dec 2018, Government allowed following changes in NPS.

  • Entire withdrawal(60%) at the time of retirement will now be tax-free. At present, 40% of the accumulated corpus utilised for the purchase of the annuity is tax-exempt. Of the remaining 60% corpus withdrawn by the NPS subscriber at the time of retirement, 40% is tax-exempt and 20% is taxable. The tax exemption is now extended to the entire 60%.
  • Contribution by government employees under Tier-II of NPS will now be covered under Section 80 C for deduction up to Rs 1.5 lakh for the purpose of income tax provided there is a three-year lock-in period.
    • This is the same as schemes such as the General Provident Fund, Contributory Provident Fund, Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and Public Provident Fund (PPF),
    • This reduction in the lock-in period pits the NPS against ELSS mutual funds in the battle for the tax-saving pie. Direct plans of ELSS funds charge up to 1.5% a year, while regular plans can cost 2.5%. The expense ratios of NPS funds are 0.01%.
    • However, it is not clear how the gains from investments in NPS will be taxed when they are withdrawn. The government must make it clear whether the investments will get the same tax treatment as mutual funds. This is important because till now, the 20% of the Tier I NPS units withdrawn on maturity were fully taxed.
  • Finance minister Arun Jaitley said the exact date from which these changes will come into effect will be notified soon, adding that normally, such changes are made from the new financial year. The government can start enhanced contribution beginning January but tax benefit would be available from the next financial year. Taking into account 18 lakh employees, the additional burden on the government due to enhanced contribution would be Rs 2,840 crore in 2019-20.
  • Government employees will have more investment option.
    • One option would be to invest up to 25% of the corpus in equity,
    • another where up to 50% of the fund would be invested in equity and
    • the third very conservative option of investing 100% in government securities.
  • Government Employees can choose from the list of 8 rather than 3 fund managers.

How does a Government Employee subscribe to Tier 1 account of NPS

For the Government employees contribution through their nodal office to National Pension System (NPS) is mandatory. Every month 10% of his/ her salary (basic + DA) and equivalent government’s contribution will be invested in NPS. The Government employees can subscribe for NPS (Tier-I) through the following process:

  • Submit form S1 to the Drawing and Disbursing Officer (DDO) or equivalent offices.
  • The DDO shall provide and certify the employment details.Subsequently, the DDO shall forward the form to the respective Pay and Accounts Office (PAO) / District Treasury officer (DTO).
  • The form should be submitted to Central Recordkeeping Agency (CRA)

Can Government Employee choose the Fund Manager or Scheme to invest in NPS in Tier1 account?

For Government employees, the option to change scheme preferences or pension fund managers for their NPS accounts is not available. Under Tier I, there is only one scheme (default) available to Central/State Govt. wherein the contributions are allotted to three Public Sector Pension Fund Managers (PFM).  NPS contributions are equally split among the three selected PFMs, who invest the money in a pre-decided manner. Each of the PFM’s invest the funds in the proportion of up to 55% in Government Securities, up to 40% in Debt Securities and up to 5% in Money Market Instruments.

  • SBI pension Funds Private Limited (34%)
  • UTI Retirement Solutions Limited and (33%)
  • LIC Pension Fund Limited (33%)

The image below shows the investment details from the statement in CRA.

NPS and Government employees investment in NPS Scheme details

NPS and Government employees investment in NPS Scheme details

SMS alerts on balances in the NPS account being sent to the subscribers on the quarterly basis, in addition to regular monthly alerts on contribution and other changes in the PRANOnline reset of password and facility to change mobile no. and email Id has been provided to all the NPS subscribers. The image below shows the transactions in NPS for a government employee.

Government employee contribution in NPS and Government employees

Government employee contribution in NPS

How does a Government employee open Tier2 account of NPS?

If the Subscriber is an existing PRAN Card holder, he can activate the Tier II account by approaching the nearest POP -SP or eNPS. One can submit a duly filled Form UOS-S10 along with a copy of PRAN Card, PAN Card, a canceled cheque and initial contribution of Rs 1000. The list of POPs is available on NSDL website (www.npscra.nsdl.co.in) under the menu Quick Links.

Can Government Employee choose the Fund Manager or Scheme to invest in NPS in Tier2account?

Yes For Tier II, the government subscriber has been given the flexibility to choose one out of six Pension Fund Managers(PFMs) and also the percentage in which the selected PFM will invest the funds. The six PFMs are

  • ICICI Prudential Pension Funds Management Company Limited
  • IDFC Pension Fund Management Company Limited
  • Kotak Mahindra Pension Fund Limited
  • Reliance Capital Pension Fund Limited
  • SBI Pension Funds Private Limited
  • UTI Retirement Solutions Limited

For Tier II, the Subscriber has to submit the physical application form (Form-UOS-S3) to change Scheme Preference. However, such changes can be done only once in a financial year. The transaction is chargeable. You can submit the request to your POP-SP through whom your Tier II account is activated. Please collect a 17 digit acknowledgment number against your request.

NPS Tax Benefits for Government Employees

National Pension System is another tool in hand for planning your tax obligation. Tax Benefits on NPS is available only for Tier-I account. Income Tax Act allows benefits under NPS as per the following sections,

  1. On Employee’s contribution under Section 80CCD(1): Employee’s own contribution is eligible for tax deduction under sec 80 CCD (1) of Income Tax Act up to 10% of salary (Basic + DA). This is within the overall ceiling of Rs. 1.50 Lacs under Sec. 80 CCE of the Income Tax Act.
  2. On Employer’s contribution under Section 80CCD(2): Up to 10% of Basic & DA (no upper ceiling) under 80CCD (2). This rebate is over and above 80 C.
  3. Tax Benefit under Section 80CCD(1B): As announced by Govt of India in Budget 2015-16, a subscriber will be allowed tax deduction in addition to the deduction allowed under Sec. 80CCD(1) for additional contribution in his NPS account subject to a maximum of Rs. 50,000 under sec. 80CCD 1(B).

A government employee can invest in NPS and get the additional benefit of Rs. 50,000 under section 80CCD (1B). This benefit is open for all, including central /state government employees irrespective of their joining date.

If you are an existing Government subscriber, you can approach any POP-SP or your Nodal Office or alternatively you can visit eNPS website (https://enps.nsdl.com) for making an additional contribution in your Tier I account.

The print out of the Transaction Statement could be used as a document for claiming tax benefit.

Comparison of NPS for Government Employees with Government Provident Fund

GPF or General Provident Fund account is a provident fund account which was available for government employees. A government employee who joined before 1.1.2004 became a member of the fund by contributing a certain percentage of his salary to the account. The accumulations in the fund are paid to the government employee at the time of superannuation or retirement. For more information on GPF one can read GPF rulebook.

The NPS replaced the Government Provident Fund, a defined benefit pension scheme in which the pension increases each year in accordance with the dearness allowance declared twice a year. Since the DA is supposed to take inflation into account, GPF pension resembles an inflation-protected annuity.  Unfortunately, since the basic pension is much lower than the ‘basic pay’ last earned, the biannual increase in DA will not do much to combat inflation.

The NPS on the other hand, reduces the liability of the government. Once an employee retires, a minimum of 40% of the NPS corpus must be annuitized, That is an organization like LIC would take the money and offer a fixed interest for the rest of retirees life (other options exist. For example, annuity benefits can be extended to the spouse).

Unlike the GPF, the NPS annuity has no connection to the service and last pay earned. You put in a fixed contribution into an account known as Tier I. The government matches your contribution. When you retire, the corpus entirely depends on the history of the debt and equity markets when you were in service.

Article NPS is far beneficial than Government Pension compares the GPF with NPS.   In the example if one starts with Pay of 20514 in 2014 and works for 35 years with 3% annual increment, 14-20% increase in DA

  • If contributes to NPS would get gets 3.8 crores on retirement (60% of Pension Wealth + Encashed Earned Leaves) and gets a monthly pension of Rs 83,306. One can also he can withdraw the remaining  40% of his pension wealth of Rs. 1,14,90,481 before turning 70 years.
  • If the Govt employee contributes to GPF he will get 38.32 lakhs in retirement. Would get a pension of Rs 1,00,934 per month. After the death spouse can take only 60% of the basic pension ie Rs 17195 x 60% = Rs.10317 plus D.A.at the prevailing rates. After spouse’s death children are unlikely to draw the pension as they would have already crossed the age limit.

Quoting from article

Let me take a case of Upper Division Clerk(UDC) who joins government service in 2014 at the age of 25  and renders 35 years of service till attaining 60 years of age. He/She gets 3% annual increment every year and gets one promotion every 10 years under M.A.C.P.  Although he she is likely to get 14 to 20% increase in D.A every year as per Consumer Price Index I just take 12%(assuming 6 + 6%) 2 times D.A in a year. Following Table shows Basic Pay, total pension wealth under NPS.

Year D.A. assumed @
12%
Per
annum
PAY + GRADE
PAY
with 3% annual increment
D.A TOTAL Total
Monthly
Subscription
(employee and Govt)
Annual
Subscription
Annual Appreciation of Investments @
8.7%
Only
TOTAL
PENSION
WEALTH
2014 107% 9910 10604 20514 4102 49224 2320 51,544
2015 119% 10210 12150 22360 4471 53652 7012 1,12,208
2020 179% 11860 21229 33089 6618 79416  44487  592234
2030 299% 16900 50531 67431 13486 161832  249371  3189883
2040 419% 25190 105546 130736 26148 313776  866975  10976010
2048 515% 33380 171907 205287 41058 492696  2057162  25928520
2049 527% 34390 181235 215625 43126 517512  2280169

 28726201

Therefore, the total pension wealth of a government servant who joined in 2014 and retiring under New Pension Scheme shall at the time of his retirement be Rs. 2,87,26,201 ( 2.87 crore)

  • (A) 60% of the lump-sum pension wealth which he/she will be  getting on retirement: Rs 1,72,35,720.6 (1.72 crore)
  • (B) 40%   invested in an annuity scheme  which he/she can receive before 70 years: Rs 1,14,90,481 (1.14 crore)
  • (C) Earned Leave Encashment:  Rs. 2,15,625 x 10 months        :  Rs.   21,56,250 (21 lakh)
  • TOTAL of  (A) and (C) will be  Rs. 3,08,82,451 (3.8 crore)

At the assumed Interest at the rate of 8.7% per annum on 40%  of pension wealth of Rs.1,14,90,481  invested in annuity shall fetch monthly pension of at least:    Rs.83,306

Not only this, before he attains the age of 70 he can withdraw the remaining  40% of his pension wealth of Rs. 1,14,90,481 which if invested in Fixed Deposit of a nationalized bank can fetch interest 

This is just a tip of the iceberg. If we consider the other  4 pay commission benefits that materialize on 1/1/2016, 1/1/2026, 1/1/2036 and 1/1/2046 which a NPS pensioner who joins as UDC shall be getting before his retirement in 2049.

Benefits under Central Government Pension Scheme

Now let us see what will be the retirement benefits of the above person if he/she is put in government pension scheme:

  • 1. Gratuity for 16.5 months : Rs.2,15,625 x 16.5 months = Rs 35,57,812 Restricted to Rs.10,00,000 10 lakh
  • 2. Earned Leave Encashment: Rs. 215625 x 10 months : Rs.21,56,250
  • 3. Pension Commutation: As per the CCS (Pension) Rules, the government also gives an opportunity to its employees to commute a part of their pension in return for a lumpsum payment. The maximum percentage of pension which can be commuted under these rules is 40%. Upon the receipt of the lumpsum commuted value of the pension, the pensioner draws reduced pension to the extent of the amount commuted, for 15 years. Thereafter, his pension is restored to full.
    • Rs 34390 / 2    =  Rs 17195 (basic pension being 50% of pay and grade pay)
    • 17195 x 40% = Rs.6878 (40% of basic pension towards commutation which will be restored after 15 year)
    • Balance basic pension is Rs. 10317
    • The amount of lump sum payable in lieu of the commuted amount is determined by means of a Commutation Table containing the commutation factors. The formula for working out the lump sum payable is as follows
    • Amount offered for Commutation x 12 x Commutation factor.
    • Therefore in the above case the amount will be equal to 6878 x 12 x 8.194 years = Rs 6,76,300
    • Total Benefits under Central Government Pension Scheme: Rs.38,32,550(10 lakh as gratuity +6,76,300+ 21,56,250)

He will get monthly pension is Rs.1,00,934 1 lakh per month with break up as follows

  • i) 10317 (basic pension being 50% of pay and grade pay – 40% of basic pension towards commutation (Rs 6878) ) .
  • ii) DA @ 527% of basic pension of Rs 17195  = Rs. 90617 (subject to increase in DA every 6 months based on consumer price index)

After the death of the government servant, say at 67 years, the spouse can take only 60% of the basic pension ie Rs.17195 x 60% = Rs.10317 plus D.A.at the prevailing rates. After spouse’s death children are unlikely to draw the pension as they would have already crossed the age limit.

 FAQ by Govt Employees on NPS

  • A Govt employee can claim a deduction of your employer’s contribution towards NPS under Section 80CCD (2), up to a limit of 10% of your salary (i.e. Basic Salary + Dearness Allowance).  Employer’s contribution towards NPS or EPF (Employees’ provident fund) is not the part of your gross salary, but is added by your employer in your CTC (cost to company).
  • A central government/state government officers are entitled deduction under section 80CCD (1B) on their own i.e employee contribution towards his NPS account 
  • You can claim a deduction of only your own contribution towards NPS under Section 80CC. 

Amit is a government employee and his employer deducts Rs 62,000 per annum (which is 10% of basic + DA) from salary as employee’s contribution in NPS. It also deposits Rs 62,000 per annum as employer’s contribution in NPS. How and under which section should he claim tax benefit on NPS?

  • Employer’s contribution (62,000)  in NPS is  eligible for tax deduction u/s 80CCD(2).
  • The employee has a choice as to which section ,80CCD(1) or 80CCD(1B), he wants to show his contribution.  Ideally he should show Rs 50,000 investment in NPS u/s 80CCD(1B). The tax deduction on rest Rs 12,000 can be claimed u/s 80CCD(1). The section 80CCD(1) along with Section 80C has investment limit eligible for tax deduction as Rs 1.5 lakhs. So he should make additional investment of Rs 1,38,000 in Section 80C to save maximum tax. In all he can save Rs 2 lakhs tax u/s 80C and 80CCD(1B).

I am a central government employee. I have invested Rs 1.5 lakh in Public Provident Fund (PPF). I also contribute around Rs 72,000 per year to National Pension System (NPS). The government, my employer, also contributes a matching amount. I want to know whether I can claim my PPF investment of Rs 1.5 lakh under Section 80C and the additional Rs 50,000 under Section 80CCD(1) on my contribution to NPS?

An employee’s contribution is eligible for tax deduction of up to 10 per cent of his salary (basic + DA) under Section 80CCD(1) within the overall ceiling of Rs 1.5 lakh under Section 80CCE. The employee is also eligible for tax deduction of up to 10 per cent of his salary (basic + DA) contributed by the employer under Section 80CCD(2) over and above the limit of Rs 1.5 lakh provided under Section 80CCE. As per the last Budget, an additional tax deduction of up to R50,000 can be claimed under Section 80CCD(1B) on investments in NPS. However, the aggregate amount of deduction under section 80C, 80CCC and 80CCD(1) cannot exceed R1.5 lakh.

That means you can claim a total tax deduction of Rs 2 lakh like this: Your contribution to NPS is Rs 72,000. You can claim a deduction of Rs 50,000 under section 80CCD(1B) and Rs 22,000 under section 80CCD(1). The remaining R1.28 lakh (R1.5 lakh – R22,000) can be claimed under section 80C on your investment in PPF.

I work for a PSU bank and 10% of my salary goes into the NPS. In this financial year, my contribution to NPS will be around 85,000. Can I claim deduction for 50,000 under the new Section 80CCD (1B) and for the remaining 35,000 under Section 80CCD?

Yes, you can claim the deduction for 50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B) and Rs 35,000 under Section 80CCD. Apart from this, you can still claim deduction of the balance Rs 1.15 lakh by investing in other suitable tax-saving options under Section 80C.

I am a central government employee, Due to some arrears, my National Pension System (NPS) contribution is Rs 2.1 lakh this financial year. My account department did not consider the additional R 50,000 tax deduction under 80CCD(1B). Can I claim refund of this amount while filling my income tax returns?

You can claim a total deduction of Rs 2 lakh together under Section 80C and Section 80CCD this financial year while filing ITR. Since you have already made a contribution of Rs 2.1 lakh to National Pension Scheme (NPS), you can claim a total deduction of Rs 2 lakh, including Rs 50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B).

I am Central Govt Employee,I already had made saving of Rs. 98,500 u/s 80C through following. NPS employee contribution for the FY 2016-17 is 51,500. Can I avail tax benefit of NPS contribution u/s 80CCD which allows extra 50,000 over and above 1.5 Lacs of 80C for FY 2015-16.

  1. ELSS Mutual Fund – 80,000
  2. LIC premium – 18,500

You can claim deduction of Rs 50,000 as under section 80CCD(1B) as there is no such pre-condition that you have to first exhaust the limits of 80CCD(1). 1,500(51,500-50,000) you can claim under section 80C.

I have invested Rs 1.5 lakh in PPF and Rs 62,000 in NPS. Am I still entitled to the employer’s contribution of NPS (62,000) under Section 80CCD(2)?

Yes, you can claim deduction if the contribution to the NPS has been made by the employer. This deduction can be claimed over and above Sec 80C and employee’s contribution to NPS. The deduction will depend on your basic salary. If your basic salary, excluding all allowances and perquisites except dearness allowance, is upwards of Rs 6.2 lakh, you can claim deduction of Rs 62,000 under Sec 80CCD(2). Else, the deduction will be capped at 10%.

Can I get an additional benefit on Rs. 50,000 in NPS u/s 80CCD (1B) over and above of Rs 1.50 lakh if I already get a benefit in u/s 80CCD (1) and 80CCE in my existing NPS. Is this benefit u/s 80CCD(1B) also applicable on existing customers of NPS?

 Yes, you can claim the additional benefit of Rs. 50,000 under section 80CCD (1B), provided you haven’t claimed this amount under 80CCD (1).  

Yes, this benefit is available to even existing customers of NPS. This additional benefit is available from April 2015 and even customers who have opened NPS account before April 2015 are eligible for Rs. 50,000 deduction.

I am a government employee and they are deducting every month 10% from my salary  and depositing in National Pension System (NPS), which comes to Rs 70,000 p.a. I have save Rs.1.50 lakh in Public Provident Fund (PPF). Can I show Rs 50,000 (from this Rs.70,000) under 80CCD (1B). i.e total saving is Rs 150,000 (PPF) + Rs.50,000 (NPS) = Rs 200,000 ?

If you are declaring only the PPF contribution of Rs.1.50 lakh for claiming benefit under Section 80C, then you can claim the additional deduction of Rs.50,000 towards NPS contribution under Section 80CCD (1B).

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